World Volcanoes and Eruptions Database

Build maps, educational tools, research indexes, risk-reference projects, and data visualizations with 2,666 volcano records across the Holocene and Pleistocene epochs. Practical geographic ...

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World Volcanoes and Eruptions Database List

World Volcanoes and Eruptions Database v.2.0.0

2,666 Database Records

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World Volcanoes and Eruptions Database

Build maps, educational tools, research indexes, risk-reference projects, and data visualizations with 2,666 volcano records across the Holocene and Pleistocene epochs.

Practical geographic and geological fields

Work with stable volcano numbers, names, countries, regions, landforms, primary types, coordinates, elevations, tectonic settings, evidence categories, geological summaries, and last-eruption context where available.

Confirmed eruption history

The Eruption Research and Complete tiers add 11,089 confirmed Holocene eruption records with dates, uncertainty indicators, activity type, area, and Volcanic Explosivity Index fields.

Important scope

Coordinates may identify a summit, volcanic field center, crater, or recent eruption site. Pleistocene listings are preliminary, and their eruption histories are not included. Dates and classifications remain subject to scientific revision.

2,666 Records
SAMPLE DATA TABLE STRUCTURE RECORD INFO
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Table Schema Database Field Statistics

Release structure

World Volcanoes and Eruptions Database

Review the published tables, record coverage, and field names included with release 2.0.0.

Database
#267
Version
2.0.0
Format
XML schema

Data dictionary

Tables and fields

Release-defined structure
TableRecordsFields
volcanoes2666
eruptions11089

Release at a glance

What is inside this database

Worldwide Holocene and Pleistocene volcano reference with confirmed Holocene eruption history.

2,666Volcanoes
1,214Holocene volcanoes
1,452Pleistocene volcanoes
11,089Confirmed eruptions

Table and column statistics

Select a table to review its own schema, record total, fields, distinct values, and missing-value coverage.

volcanoes2,666 records · 15 fields
volcano_number
Distinct
2,666
Missing
0 (0.0%)
volcano_name
Distinct
2,645
Missing
0 (0.0%)
epoch
Distinct
2
Missing
0 (0.0%)
country
Distinct
118
Missing
0 (0.0%)
region
Distinct
19
Missing
0 (0.0%)
subregion
Distinct
139
Missing
0 (0.0%)
volcanic_landform
Distinct
8
Missing
0 (0.0%)
primary_volcano_type
Distinct
41
Missing
7 (0.3%)
latitude
Distinct
2,533
Missing
0 (0.0%)
longitude
Distinct
2,565
Missing
0 (0.0%)
elevation_m
Distinct
1,866
Missing
103 (3.9%)
last_eruption_year
Distinct
404
Missing
1,818 (68.2%)
tectonic_setting
Distinct
11
Missing
1,458 (54.7%)
evidence_category
Distinct
6
Missing
1,452 (54.5%)
geological_summary
Distinct
2,601
Missing
51 (1.9%)

Inspect the data

Representative sample data

Switch tables to review representative fields and rows from every table advertised for this release.

volcanoesDownload this sample CSV
volcano_numbervolcano_nameepochcountryregionsubregionvolcanic_landformprimary_volcano_typelatitudelongitudeelevation_mlast_eruption_yeartectonic_settingevidence_categorygeological_summary
210010West Eifel Volcanic FieldHoloceneGermanyEuropean Volcanic RegionsCentral European Volcanic ProvinceClusterVolcanic field50.176.85600-8300Rift zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption DatedThe West Eifel Volcanic Field of western Germany, SW of the city of Bonn, is a dominantly Pleistocene group of 240 scoria cones, maars, and small stratovolcanoes covering an area of about 600 km2. The smaller, but better known, East Eifel Volcanic Field is about 40 km NE. Individual vents spread across a broad NW-SE-trending area extending about 50 km from the towns of Ormont on the NW to Bad Bertrich on the SE. Eruptions originated from a mantle plume through Devonian sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Two-thirds of the volcanic centers in the field are scoria cones; lava flows have been produced from about half of them. About 30% of the centers are maars or tuff rings, many of which are occupied by lakes. About 230 eruptions have occurred during the past 730,000 years. The latest eruptions formed the Ulmener, Pulvermaar, and Strohn maars around the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene.
210020Chaine des PuysHoloceneFranceEuropean Volcanic RegionsWestern European Volcanic ProvinceClusterLava dome(s)45.7862.9811464-4040Rift zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption DatedThe Chaîne des Puys, prominent in the history of volcanology, form a N-S-trending chain of basaltic and trachytic cinder cones, basaltic maars, and trachytic lava domes in France's Massif Central that has been active into the Holocene. Construction of the present-day Chaîne des Puys began about 70,000 years before present (BP), and was largely completed by the beginning of the Holocene. Holocene eruptions constructed lava domes such as the Puy de Dôme, whose growth was accompanied by pyroclastic flows, cinder cones that fed lengthy lava flows, and maars. The latest well-documented activity took place about 6,000 BP near Besse-en-Chandesse and included the powerful explosions that formed the Lac Pavin maar. The dating of younger tephras has not yet been confirmed, and reports of eruptions as late as 1,000 BP have been discredited.
210030Olot Volcanic FieldHoloceneSpainEuropean Volcanic RegionsWestern European Volcanic ProvinceClusterVolcanic field42.172.53893Intraplate / Continental crust (> 25 km)Evidence CredibleThe Olot volcanic field (also known as the Garrotxa volcanic field) occupies the NE corner of Spain south of the Pyrenees Mountains about 90 km NNE of Barcelona. The field consists of a large number of Strombolian pyroclastic cones and associated alkali basaltic lava flows, and is part of the NE Volcanic Province, which includes the Ampurdán and Selva areas to the SE. The pyroclastic cones are preferentially located at the intersection of E-W and NW-SE faults that cut sedimentary and metamorphic basement rocks. The latest dated eruption occurred during the early Holocene, and stratigraphic evidence suggests that more recent eruptions have occurred.
210040Calatrava Volcanic FieldHoloceneSpainEuropean Volcanic RegionsWestern European Volcanic ProvinceClusterVolcanic field38.87-4.021117-3600Intraplate / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption DatedThe Calatrava volcanic field lies in central Spain near Ciudad Real. The more than 300 basaltic-to-foiditic pyroclastic cones, maars, and lava domes cover an area of more than 5,000 km2. The field is mostly of Pliocene or late-Pleistocene age, although late-stage phreatomagmatic activity at Columba volcano was dated at the mid-Holocene. It lies in a continental rift setting and contains several lake-filled maars. Fumarolic activity was recorded in the Sierra de Valenzuela area during the 16th-18th centuries.
211004Colli AlbaniHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsItalian Peninsula Volcanic ProvincesCalderaCaldera41.756912.7251949Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Evidence UncertainThe Colli Albani (Alban Hills) complex immediately SE of Rome contains a large Pleistocene stratovolcano with a 10 x 12 km caldera formed during an eruptive period with six major explosions that produced at least 280 km3 of ejecta between about 560,000 and 350,000 years ago. Subsequent eruptions occurred from a new 5-km-wide central cone and from many phreatomagmatic craters and cones within the Artemisio-Tuscolana caldera and on its outer flanks. The post-caldera eruptions have buried the western side of the caldera rim. The largest of the post-caldera craters is Lake Albano, a 2.5 x 4 km compound maar constructed at the WSW margin of the caldera in multiple stages dating back to about 69,000 years ago. The age of the most recent eruptions from the Albano maar is not known precisely; variable dates range from about 36,000 years ago to perhaps the Holocene, when several possibly non-volcanic lake overflow lahars occurred. Reported eruptions during the Roman period are uncertain, but subsequent seismic swarms lasting up to two years have been recorded.
211010Campi FlegreiHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsItalian Peninsula Volcanic ProvincesCalderaCaldera40.82714.1394581538Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption ObservedCampi Flegrei is a 13-km-wide caldera that encompasses part of Naples and extends to the south beneath the Gulf of Pozzuoli. Episodes of significant uplift and subsidence within the dominantly trachytic caldera have occurred since Roman times. The earliest known eruptive products are dated 47,000 years BP. The caldera formed following two large explosive eruptions, the massive Campanian ignimbrite about 36,000 BP, and the over 40 km3 Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) about 15,000 BP. Following eruption of the NYT a large number of eruptions originated from widely scattered subaerial and submarine vents. Most activity occurred during three intervals: 15,000-9,500, 8,600-8,200, and 4,800-3,800 BP. The latest eruptions were in 1158 CE at Solfatara and in 1538 CE when the Monte Nuovo cinder cone was built.
211020VesuviusHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsItalian Peninsula Volcanic ProvincesCompositeStratovolcano40.82114.42612811944Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption ObservedOne of the world's most noted volcanoes, Vesuvius (Vesuvio) forms a dramatic backdrop to the Bay of Naples. The active cone was constructed within a large caldera of the older Monte Somma edifice, thought to have formed incrementally beginning about 17,000 years ago. The Monte Somma caldera wall has channeled lava flows and pyroclastic flows primarily to the south and west. Eight major explosive eruptions have taken place in the last 17,000 years, often accompanied by large pyroclastic flows and surges, such as during the 79 CE Pompeii eruption. Intermittent eruptions since 79 CE were followed by a period of frequent long-term explosive and effusive eruptions between 1631 and 1944. The large 1631 eruption produced pyroclastic flows that reached as far as the coast and caused great destruction. Many towns are located on the flanks, and several million people live within areas that could be affected by eruptions.
211030IschiaHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsItalian Peninsula Volcanic ProvincesCompositeComplex40.7313.8977891302Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption ObservedThe Ischia volcanic complex forms a rectangular, 6 x 9 km island immediately SW of the Campi Flegrei area at the western side of the Bay of Naples. The eruption of the trachytic Green Tuff ignimbrite about 56,000 years ago was followed by caldera formation. The high point on the island, Monte Epomeo, is a volcanic horst composed of the Green Tuff ignimbrite deposit that was submerged after its eruption and then uplifted. Volcanism on the island has been significantly affected by tectonism that formed a series of horsts and grabens; at least 800 m of uplift has formed as a result of resurgent doming during past 33,000 years. Many small monogenetic volcanoes were formed around the uplifted block. Volcanism during the Holocene produced a series of pumiceous tephras, tuff rings, lava domes, and lava flows, and a major collapse of Mount Epomeo produced a large submarine debris-avalanche deposit. The latest eruption, in 1302 CE, produced a spatter cone and the Arso lava flow, which reached the NE coast.
211031PalinuroHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsAeolian Volcanic ArcCompositeCompound39.4814.83-70-8040Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption DatedPalinuro seamount in the Tyrrhenian Sea north of the Eolian Islands rises nearly 3,000 m to within 70 m of the surface and has an open summit crater. A marine ash layer (PL-1) radiocarbon dated (calibrated) at 9,990 +/- 90 years ago is chemically and stratigraphically similar to two ash layers on land in southern Italy; it was tentatively correlated to Palinuro seamount activity (Siani et al., 2004).
211040StromboliHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsAeolian Volcanic ArcCompositeStratovolcano38.78915.2139242026Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption ObservedSpectacular incandescent nighttime explosions at Stromboli have long attracted visitors to the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean" in the NE Aeolian Islands. This volcano has lent its name to the frequent mild explosive activity that has characterized its eruptions throughout much of historical time. The small island is the emergent summit of a volcano that grew in two main eruptive cycles, the last of which formed the western portion of the island. The Neostromboli eruptive period took place between about 13,000 and 5,000 years ago. The active summit vents are located at the head of the Sciara del Fuoco, a prominent scarp that formed about 5,000 years ago due to a series of slope failures which extends to below sea level. The modern volcano has been constructed within this scarp, which funnels pyroclastic ejecta and lava flows to the NW. Essentially continuous mild Strombolian explosions, sometimes accompanied by lava flows, have been recorded for more than a millennium.
211041PanareaHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsAeolian Volcanic ArcCompositeStratovolcano38.63815.064399Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Evidence UncertainThe mostly submerged Panarea volcanic complex lies about midway between Stromboli and Lipari in the eastern part of the Aeolian Islands. Panarea, the smallest island in the Aeolian Archipelago, lies on the western side of a shallow platform whose shelf margin is at about 130 m depth. A series of small islands breach the surface to form the Central Reefs, the rim of a crater 2 km E of Panarea, whose shallow submerged floor contains Roman ruins. The submerged Secca dei Pesci lava dome lies at the SE end of the platform, and the rhyolitic Basiluzzo lava dome rises 165 m above the surface at the NE end, along a ridge trending towards Stromboli volcano. The complex was constructed in two main stages: an initial effusive activity phase that produced lava domes, and an explosive stage. The youngest subaerial airfall-tephra deposits are dated to about 20,000 years ago; a date of less than 10,000 BP on a lava flow is uncertain. Vigorous hydrothermal activity has continued at fumarolic fields at several locations on the submerged platform; submarine hydrothermal explosions have been observed.
211042LipariHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsAeolian Volcanic ArcCompositeStratovolcano(es)38.4914.9335901230Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption DatedLipari, the largest of the Aeolian Islands, is located immediately north of Vulcano Island. The irregular-shaped island contains numerous small stratovolcanoes, craters, and lava domes on a basement of submarine volcanic deposits. Lipari was formed in three major eruptive cycles, the first of which took place from about 223 to 188 thousand years ago (ka) from N-S-trending fissures on the western side of the island. The second eruptive period from about 102 to 53 ka included the formation of the Monte San Angelo and Costa d'Agosto stratovolcanoes in the center of the island. The third eruptive cycle (40 ka to the present) included the Monte Guardia sequence, erupted at the southern tip of the island between about 22,600 and 16,800 years ago, and Holocene rhyolitic pyroclastic deposits and obsidian lava flows at the NE end of the island. The latest eruption, at Monte Pilato on the NE tip of the island, formed the Rocche Rosse and Forgia Vecchia obsidian lava flows, which have been dated variously from about 500 to 1230 CE. Objects made of obsidian from Lipari have been found throughout southern Italy.
211050VulcanoHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsAeolian Volcanic ArcCompositeStratovolcano(es)38.40414.9625001890Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption ObservedThe word volcano is derived from Vulcano stratovolcano in Italy's Aeolian Islands. Vulcano was constructed during six stages over the past 136,000 years. Two overlapping calderas, the 2.5-km-wide Caldera del Piano on the SE and the 4-km-wide Caldera della Fossa on the NW, were formed at about 100,000 and 24,000-15,000 years ago, respectively, and volcanism has migrated north over time. La Fossa cone, active throughout the Holocene and the location of most historical eruptions, occupies the 3-km-wide Caldera della Fossa at the NW end of the elongated 3 x 7 km island. The Vulcanello lava platform is a low, roughly circular peninsula on the northern tip of Vulcano that was formed as an island beginning more than 2,000 years ago and was connected to the main island in about 1550 CE. Vulcanello is capped by three pyroclastic cones and was active intermittently until the 16th century. Explosive activity took place at the Fossa cone from 1898 to 1900.
211060EtnaHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsSicily Volcanic ProvinceCompositeStratovolcano(es)37.74814.99933572026Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption ObservedMount Etna, towering above Catania on the island of Sicily, has one of the world's longest documented records of volcanism, dating back to 1500 BCE. Historical lava flows of basaltic composition cover much of the surface of this massive volcano, whose edifice is the highest and most voluminous in Italy. The Mongibello stratovolcano, truncated by several small calderas, was constructed during the late Pleistocene and Holocene over an older shield volcano. The most prominent morphological feature of Etna is the Valle del Bove, a 5 x 10 km caldera open to the east. Two styles of eruptive activity typically occur, sometimes simultaneously. Persistent explosive eruptions, sometimes with minor lava emissions, take place from one or more summit craters. Flank vents, typically with higher effusion rates, are less frequently active and originate from fissures that open progressively downward from near the summit (usually accompanied by Strombolian eruptions at the upper end). Cinder cones are commonly constructed over the vents of lower-flank lava flows. Lava flows extend to the foot of the volcano on all sides and have reached the sea over a broad area on the SE flank.
211070Campi Flegrei del Mar di SiciliaHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsSicily Volcanic ProvinceClusterVolcanic field37.112.7-81867Rift zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption ObservedCampi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia (Phlegraean Fields of the Sicily Sea) is composed of a group of submarine volcanoes SW of Sicily. The volcanoes were constructed within a submarine depression about 1 km deep in the Strait of Sicily between the SW coast of Sicily and the NE tip of Tunisia, forming submarine banks that are capped by cones that rise to near sea level. Submarine eruptions were reported at the Giulia-Ferdinandeo and Pinne banks during the first Punic war (264-241 BCE), and from the 17th to 20th centuries, sometimes producing ephemeral islands. The 1831 eruption at Ferdinandea (also known as Graham in English or Giulia/Julia in French) produced an ephemeral island that was promptly claimed by the navies of France, Britain, Spain, and Italy.
211071PantelleriaHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsSicily Volcanic ProvinceShieldShield36.7712.028361891Rift zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption ObservedThe island of Pantelleria is constructed above a drowned continental rift in the Strait of Sicily and has been the locus of intensive volcano-tectonic activity. Two large Pleistocene calderas dominate the island, which contains numerous post-caldera lava domes and cinder cones and is the type locality for peralkaline rhyolitic rocks, pantellerites. The 15-km-long island is the emergent summit of a largely submarine edifice. The 6-km-wide Cinque Denti caldera, the youngest of the two calderas, formed about 45,000 years ago and contains the two post-caldera shield volcanoes of Monte Grande and Monte Gibele. Holocene eruptions have constructed pumice cones, lava domes, and short, blocky lava flows. Many Holocene vents are located on three sides of the uplifted Montagna Grande block on the SE side of the island. A submarine eruption in 1891 from a vent ~4 km off the NW coast is the only confirmed historical activity.
211080MarsiliHoloceneItalyEuropean Volcanic RegionsAeolian Volcanic ArcCompositeComplex39.28414.399-779-1050Eruption DatedThe Marsili seamount is a 50-km-long volcanic ridge in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea within a back-arc basin about 75-85 km NW of the Aeolian arc volcanoes. Near-source tephra layers obtained from a core sample were determined by Iezzi et al. (2013) to be approximately 3,000 and 5,000 years old. Accretion of the ridge is thought to have begun around 1 Ma. Recent data also indicate that there is ongoing hydrothermal activity and shallow volcano-tectonic seismicity.
212020MethanaHoloceneGreeceEuropean Volcanic RegionsHellenic Volcanic ArcMinor (Basaltic)Lava dome(s)37.618623.3331380-258Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption ObservedMethana volcano consists of a basaltic andesite to rhyodacitic lava dome complex forming the Methana Peninsula in the Sarronian Gulf on the NE side of Peloponnesus. Potassium-Argon ages for the older part of the complex range from 900,000 to 550,000 years, although activity may have begun during the late Pliocene. A younger phase of activity took place from about 380,000-290,000 years ago, forming a series of lava domes and flows. The youngest dome, Kameno Vouno, on the NW side of the peninsula, was formed in the 3rd century BCE and produced a lava flow that traveled 500 m beyond the coastline. Hot springs are found at several locations along the coast of the peninsula.
212030MilosHoloceneGreeceEuropean Volcanic RegionsHellenic Volcanic ArcCompositeStratovolcano(es)36.69924.439751140Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption DatedMílos and adjacent small islands have grown from submarine and subaerial volcanism that initially was dominantly andesitic and basaltic, but ended with predominately rhyolitic eruptions. The oldest volcanic rocks are Pliocene submarine rhyolitic pyroclastic-flow deposits overlying basement metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The latest activity during the late Pleistocene was concentrated in the eastern half of the low, U-shaped Mílos Island, forming lava domes and phreatic explosion craters, and on Antimílos Island to the NW, where a composite volcano was constructed. The youngest magmatic eruptions took place about 90,000 years ago, but phreatic explosions, commonly producing overlapping craters rarely more than 1 km in diameter, continued from late-Pleistocene to Recent times. A lahar deposit in SE Mílos, east of Fyriplaka tuff ring, buried walls of a Roman harbor town and overlies a coarse ash layer, and was considered to originate from a small phreatic explosion through basement rocks.
212040SantoriniHoloceneGreeceEuropean Volcanic RegionsHellenic Volcanic ArcShieldShield(s)36.40425.3963671950Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)Eruption ObservedSantorini (Thera), in the Aegean Sea, has steep-walled caldera rim with villages that overlook an active volcanic island in the center of a caldera bay. The circular island group is composed of overlapping shield volcanoes cut by at least four partially overlapping calderas. The oldest southern caldera was formed about 180,000 years before present (BP), followed by the Skaros caldera about 70,000 BP, and then the Cape Riva caldera about 21,000 BP. The youngest caldera formed about 3,600 BP (around 1600 BCE) during the Late-Bronze-Age Minoan eruption that forced abandonment of the island. Post-Minoan eruptions beginning in 197 BCE constructed a series of lava domes and flows that form two islands near the center of the caldera. The latest eruption produced a small lava dome and flow in 1950, accompanied by explosive activity.

Records Information

2,666 volcanoes (1,214 Holocene and 1,452 Pleistocene) plus 11,089 confirmed Holocene eruption records.

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